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Many of us have come to appreciate the expedience that 1D (meanline) analysis provides when scoping out a new design or revisiting a legacy design for use in a new application. However, we also know that this approach to design is heavily reliant on empirical models. Inherent in this design approach is, or should be, the acceptance that these empirical models are highly useful but obviously limiting and maybe not necessarily universally applicable. We are accepting the tradeoff of fidelity for time.

This post covers one of the fundamental issues that makes rotordynamics a unique subject: The Gyroscopic Effect. The gyroscopic effect can be observed in the behavior of spinning tops, fidget spinners, inertial navigation systems, and many types of turbomachinery. If you have ever tried to tilt an object while it is spinning, then you may have noticed this effect.

Hydrogen is attracting a lot of interest in different circles these days from: propulsion, to energy storage, to personal transportation. The most obvious benefit of hydrogen fuel is a total lack of carbon in the exhaust products. This is rare for a fuel that’s a fairly high energy substance to begin with. More specifically, its high energy in terms of energy per unit of weight but somewhat less so in terms of volume.